Formula function contract

This page is generated from the checked version 1 sheetwrite.formula-capabilities inventory. It publishes 100 required-supported target functions and 54 incumbent functions (154 canonical functions total) without maintaining a second name list. Aliases are shown beside their canonical function.

A function's presence means only the signature and semantic profiles linked in its row. Microsoft Excel documentation supplies the naming/family taxonomy; it is not a blanket Excel claim. Google Sheets and OpenFormula behavior is unverified unless a dialect profile says otherwise.

Bounded evaluation contract

Parsing and dependency evaluation are each capped at 256 recursive levels. Range and matrix work is capped at 1,000,000 cells, 1,048,576 rows, 16,384 columns, and 64 MiB of value/intermediate storage; excess work returns an explicit formula error rather than truncating.
One dynamic-array recompute pass is capped at 2,000,000 cell operations. Spill installation is atomic and collision-checked; see the formula guide for admission rules.
LET permits at most 126 bindings and 16,384 expanded AST nodes. Bindings are lexical, shadow outer bindings, and are expanded lazily, so unused reads, errors, and volatility do not become dependencies.
Generated text is capped at 16 MiB and bounded searches at 4,000,000 steps. Text case conversion and parsing are Unicode-aware and host-locale independent; NUMBERVALUE defaults to . decimal and , grouping separators unless supplied explicitly.
IRR and RATE use deterministic root solving: 14 bracket steps, at most 100 solve steps, fixed 1e-12 convergence tolerances, and a finite search domain. Non-convergence or an invalid domain returns #NUM!.

No formula throughput or latency number is published here because this contract has no checked final formula-performance artifact. Use the performance evidence protocol to capture and validate measurements; limits above are implementation ceilings, not benchmark results.

Functions by family

Dynamic array

Taxonomy/source: Lookup and reference functions.

Function (aliases)	Contract	Signature profile	Semantics profile	Dialect profile	Implementation profile
`FILTER`	incumbent	`filter`	`array`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`SORT`	incumbent	`sort`	`array`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`UNIQUE`	incumbent	`unique`	`array`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`TRANSPOSE`	required target	`array-unary`	`array`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`SEQUENCE`	required target	`sequence`	`array`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`TAKE`	required target	`take-drop`	`array`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`DROP`	required target	`take-drop`	`array`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`CHOOSECOLS`	required target	`choose-axis`	`array`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`CHOOSEROWS`	required target	`choose-axis`	`array`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`

Date and time

Taxonomy/source: Date and time functions.

Function (aliases)	Contract	Signature profile	Semantics profile	Dialect profile	Implementation profile
`DATE`	incumbent	`date-three`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`DATEVALUE`	incumbent	`unary-value`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`DAY`	incumbent	`unary-number`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`MONTH`	incumbent	`unary-number`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`YEAR`	incumbent	`unary-number`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`TODAY`	incumbent	`zero`	`volatile-date`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`NOW`	incumbent	`zero`	`volatile-date`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`TIME`	required target	`date-three`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`TIMEVALUE`	required target	`unary-value`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`HOUR`	required target	`unary-value`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`MINUTE`	required target	`unary-value`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`SECOND`	required target	`unary-value`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`DAYS`	required target	`date-pair`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`EDATE`	required target	`date-offset`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`EOMONTH`	required target	`date-offset`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`WEEKDAY`	required target	`weekday-weeknum`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`WEEKNUM`	required target	`weekday-weeknum`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`WORKDAY`	required target	`workday`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`NETWORKDAYS`	required target	`networkdays`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`YEARFRAC`	required target	`yearfrac-days360`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`DAYS360`	required target	`yearfrac-days360`	`date-time`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`

Financial

Taxonomy/source: Financial functions.

Function (aliases)	Contract	Signature profile	Semantics profile	Dialect profile	Implementation profile
`PV`	required target	`pv-fv-pmt`	`financial`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`FV`	required target	`pv-fv-pmt`	`financial`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`PMT`	required target	`pv-fv-pmt`	`financial`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`NPV`	required target	`npv`	`financial`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`IRR`	required target	`irr`	`financial-iterative`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`RATE`	required target	`rate`	`financial-iterative`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`IPMT`	required target	`period-payment`	`financial`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`PPMT`	required target	`period-payment`	`financial`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`

Information and error

Taxonomy/source: Information functions.

Function (aliases)	Contract	Signature profile	Semantics profile	Dialect profile	Implementation profile
`IFERROR`	incumbent	`if-error`	`lazy-control`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`IFNA`	required target	`if-error`	`lazy-control`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`ISBLANK`	required target	`unary-value`	`information`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`ISNUMBER`	required target	`unary-value`	`information`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`ISTEXT`	required target	`unary-value`	`information`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`ISLOGICAL`	required target	`unary-value`	`information`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`ISERROR`	required target	`unary-value`	`information`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`ISERR`	required target	`unary-value`	`information`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`ISNA`	required target	`unary-value`	`information`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`TYPE`	required target	`unary-value`	`information`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`N`	required target	`unary-value`	`information`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`T`	required target	`unary-value`	`information`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`NA`	incumbent	`zero`	`information`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`

Logical and control flow

Taxonomy/source: Logical functions.

Function (aliases)	Contract	Signature profile	Semantics profile	Dialect profile	Implementation profile
`IF`	incumbent	`if`	`lazy-control`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`AND`	incumbent	`logical-variadic`	`logical`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`OR`	incumbent	`logical-variadic`	`logical`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`NOT`	incumbent	`unary-value`	`logical`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`IFS`	required target	`ifs`	`lazy-control`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`SWITCH`	required target	`switch`	`lazy-control`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`XOR`	required target	`logical-variadic`	`logical`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`TRUE`	required target	`zero`	`logical`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`FALSE`	required target	`zero`	`logical`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`LET`	required target	`let`	`let-binding`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`

Lookup and reference

Taxonomy/source: Lookup and reference functions.

Function (aliases)	Contract	Signature profile	Semantics profile	Dialect profile	Implementation profile
`INDEX`	incumbent	`index`	`lookup`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`MATCH`	incumbent	`match`	`lookup`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`VLOOKUP`	incumbent	`table-lookup`	`lookup`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`HLOOKUP`	incumbent	`table-lookup`	`lookup`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`XLOOKUP`	incumbent	`xlookup`	`lookup`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`XMATCH`	required target	`xmatch`	`lookup`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`CHOOSE`	required target	`choose`	`lookup`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`ROW`	required target	`optional-reference`	`lookup`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`ROWS`	required target	`unary-value`	`lookup`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`COLUMN`	required target	`optional-reference`	`lookup`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`COLUMNS`	required target	`unary-value`	`lookup`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`ADDRESS`	required target	`address`	`lookup`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`

Math and trigonometry

Taxonomy/source: Math and trigonometry functions.

Function (aliases)	Contract	Signature profile	Semantics profile	Dialect profile	Implementation profile
`SUM`	incumbent	`optional-variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`ABS`	incumbent	`unary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`ROUND`	incumbent	`round`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`SQRT`	incumbent	`unary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`MOD`	incumbent	`binary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`POW`	incumbent	`binary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`parser-assisted-evaluator-declared`
`FLOOR`	incumbent	`binary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`CEILING`	incumbent	`binary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`INT`	incumbent	`unary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`TRUNC`	incumbent	`trunc`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`SIGN`	incumbent	`unary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`PI`	incumbent	`zero`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`SUMIF`	incumbent	`sumif`	`criteria`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`SUMIFS`	incumbent	`sumifs`	`criteria`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`PRODUCT`	required target	`variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`SUMPRODUCT`	required target	`variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`POWER`	required target	`binary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`EXP`	required target	`unary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`LN`	required target	`unary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`LOG`	required target	`log`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`LOG10`	required target	`unary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`ROUNDUP`	required target	`round`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`ROUNDDOWN`	required target	`round`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`MROUND`	required target	`binary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`EVEN`	required target	`unary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`ODD`	required target	`unary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`QUOTIENT`	required target	`binary-number`	`scalar`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`GCD`	required target	`variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`LCM`	required target	`variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`SUBTOTAL`	required target	`subtotal`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`

Statistical

Taxonomy/source: Statistical functions.

Function (aliases)	Contract	Signature profile	Semantics profile	Dialect profile	Implementation profile
`AVERAGE` (`AVG`)	incumbent	`optional-variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`MIN`	incumbent	`optional-variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`MAX`	incumbent	`optional-variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`COUNT`	incumbent	`optional-variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`COUNTA`	incumbent	`optional-variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`COUNTIF`	incumbent	`criteria-one`	`criteria`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`COUNTIFS`	incumbent	`criteria-many`	`criteria`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`AVERAGEIF`	incumbent	`sumif`	`criteria`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`AVERAGEIFS`	incumbent	`sumifs`	`criteria`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`MEDIAN`	required target	`variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`MODE.SNGL`	required target	`variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`LARGE`	required target	`value-k`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`SMALL`	required target	`value-k`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`RANK.EQ`	required target	`rank`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`PERCENTILE.INC`	required target	`percentile`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`QUARTILE.INC`	required target	`percentile`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`STDEV.S`	required target	`variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`STDEV.P`	required target	`variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`VAR.S`	required target	`variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`VAR.P`	required target	`variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`GEOMEAN`	required target	`variadic-values`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`CORREL`	required target	`pair-arrays`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`COVARIANCE.S`	required target	`pair-arrays`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`COVARIANCE.P`	required target	`pair-arrays`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`COUNTBLANK`	required target	`unary-value`	`aggregate`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`MAXIFS`	required target	`sumifs`	`criteria`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`MINIFS`	required target	`sumifs`	`criteria`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`

Text

Taxonomy/source: Text functions.

Function (aliases)	Contract	Signature profile	Semantics profile	Dialect profile	Implementation profile
`LEN`	incumbent	`unary-value`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`LEFT`	incumbent	`left-right`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`RIGHT`	incumbent	`left-right`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`MID`	incumbent	`mid`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`CONCAT` (`CONCATENATE`)	incumbent	`variadic-values`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`UPPER`	incumbent	`unary-value`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`LOWER`	incumbent	`unary-value`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`TRIM`	incumbent	`unary-value`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`TEXT`	incumbent	`text-format`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`EXACT`	incumbent	`binary-number`	`text-sensitive`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`TEXTJOIN`	required target	`text-join`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`SUBSTITUTE`	required target	`substitute`	`text-sensitive`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`REPLACE`	required target	`replace`	`text-sensitive`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`FIND`	required target	`find-search`	`text-sensitive`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`SEARCH`	required target	`find-search`	`text-search`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`VALUE`	required target	`unary-value`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`CLEAN`	required target	`unary-value`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`REPT`	required target	`repeat-text`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`CHAR`	required target	`unary-number`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`CODE`	required target	`unary-value`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`UNICHAR`	required target	`unary-number`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`UNICODE`	required target	`unary-value`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`PROPER`	required target	`unary-value`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`
`NUMBERVALUE`	required target	`number-value`	`text`	`excel-documented`	`implemented-assisted`

Formula operators

Taxonomy/source: Types of operators.

Function (aliases)	Contract	Signature profile	Semantics profile	Dialect profile	Implementation profile

Signature profiles

Argument order, required/default state, accepted shapes, repetition, and return shape come directly from the inventory.

Signature: zero

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
none	—	—	—	—

Signature: unary-value

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`value`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: unary-number

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`number`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: binary-number

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`number1`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`number2`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: variadic-values

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`value`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`one-or-more`

Signature: optional-variadic-values

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`value`	no	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`zero-or-more`

Signature: logical-variadic

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`logical`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`one-or-more`

Signature: if

Return shape: contextual.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`logicalTest`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`valueIfTrue`	no	true	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`valueIfFalse`	no	false	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: if-error

Return shape: contextual.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`value`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`valueIfError`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: ifs

Return shape: contextual.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`testAndValue`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`paired`

Signature: switch

Return shape: contextual.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`expression`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`valueAndResult`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`paired`
`defaultValue`	no	#N/A	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: let

Return shape: contextual.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`nameAndValue`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `name`, `reference`	`paired`
`calculation`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `name`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: round

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`number`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`digits`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: trunc

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`number`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`digits`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: log

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`number`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`base`	no	10	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: subtotal

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`functionNumber`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`reference`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`one-or-more`

Signature: left-right

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`count`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: mid

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`start`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`count`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: text-format

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`value`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`formatText`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: text-join

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`delimiter`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`ignoreEmpty`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`one-or-more`

Signature: substitute

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`oldText`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`newText`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`instance`	no	all	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: replace

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`oldText`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`start`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`count`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`newText`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: find-search

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`findText`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`withinText`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`start`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: repeat-text

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`count`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: number-value

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`text`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`decimalSeparator`	no	.	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`groupSeparator`	no	,	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: date-three

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`part1`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`part2`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`part3`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: date-pair

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`endDate`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`startDate`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: date-offset

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`startDate`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`offset`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: weekday-weeknum

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`serialNumber`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`returnType`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: workday

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`startDate`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`days`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`holidays`	no	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: networkdays

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`startDate`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`endDate`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`holidays`	no	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: yearfrac-days360

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`startDate`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`endDate`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`basisOrMethod`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: value-k

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`array`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`k`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: rank

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`number`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`reference`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`order`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: percentile

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`array`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`fraction`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: pair-arrays

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`array1`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`array2`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: criteria-one

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`range`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`criteria`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: criteria-many

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`rangeAndCriteria`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`paired`

Signature: sumif

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`range`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`criteria`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`sumRange`	no	range	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: sumifs

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`sumRange`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`rangeAndCriteria`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`paired`

Signature: match

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`lookupValue`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`lookupArray`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`matchMode`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: xmatch

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`lookupValue`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`lookupArray`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`matchMode`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`searchMode`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: index

Return shape: contextual.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`array`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`row`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`column`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: xlookup

Return shape: contextual.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`lookupValue`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`lookupArray`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`returnArray`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`ifNotFound`	no	#N/A	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`matchMode`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`searchMode`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: table-lookup

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`lookupValue`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`table`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`index`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`approximate`	no	true	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: filter

Return shape: array.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`array`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`include`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`ifEmpty`	no	#CALC!	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: sort

Return shape: array.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`array`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`sortIndex`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`sortOrder`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`byColumn`	no	false	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: unique

Return shape: array.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`array`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`byColumn`	no	false	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`exactlyOnce`	no	false	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: choose

Return shape: contextual.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`index`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`value`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`one-or-more`

Signature: optional-reference

Return shape: contextual.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`reference`	no	formula-cell	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: address

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`row`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`column`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`absNumber`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`a1`	no	true	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`sheetText`	no	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: array-unary

Return shape: array.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`array`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: sequence

Return shape: array.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`rows`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`columns`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`start`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`step`	no	1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: take-drop

Return shape: array.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`array`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`rows`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`columns`	no	all	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: choose-axis

Return shape: array.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`array`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`index`	yes	none	`scalar`, `array`, `reference`	`one-or-more`

Signature: pv-fv-pmt

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`rate`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`nper`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`paymentOrPresentValue`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`futureValue`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`type`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: npv

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`rate`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`value`	yes	none	`scalar`, `range`, `array`, `reference`	`one-or-more`

Signature: irr

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`values`	yes	none	`range`, `array`, `reference`	`once`
`guess`	no	0.1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: rate

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`nper`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`payment`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`presentValue`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`futureValue`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`type`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`guess`	no	0.1	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Signature: period-payment

Return shape: scalar.

Argument	Required	Default	Accepts	Repetition
`rate`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`period`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`nper`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`presentValue`	yes	none	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`futureValue`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`
`type`	no	0	`scalar`, `reference`	`once`

Semantic profiles

These values are normative for the listed Sheetwrite subset. function-defined and contextual are explicit limitations: consult the formula guide's function-specific sections rather than assuming another spreadsheet's edge behavior.

Semantics: scalar

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: contextual array: contextual broadcast: function-defined result: scalar
coercion	blank: zero text: number-if-parseable boolean: number error: propagate
text	case: not-applicable wildcard: not-applicable
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: not-applicable
numeric	tolerance: binary64 domain: function-defined iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: scalar fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: aggregate

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: accepted array: accepted broadcast: none result: scalar
coercion	blank: ignored text: ignored-in-ranges boolean: ignored-in-ranges error: propagate
text	case: not-applicable wildcard: not-applicable
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: not-applicable
numeric	tolerance: binary64 domain: function-defined iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: scalar fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: information

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: contextual array: contextual broadcast: function-defined result: scalar
coercion	blank: preserved text: preserved boolean: preserved error: function-defined
text	case: not-applicable wildcard: not-applicable
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: not-applicable
numeric	tolerance: exact domain: all-inputs iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: scalar fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: logical

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: accepted array: contextual broadcast: function-defined result: scalar
coercion	blank: false text: function-defined boolean: preserved error: propagate
text	case: insensitive wildcard: literal
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: not-applicable
numeric	tolerance: exact domain: all-inputs iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: scalar fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: lazy-control

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: contextual array: contextual broadcast: function-defined result: contextual
coercion	blank: function-defined text: function-defined boolean: function-defined error: trap-selected
text	case: insensitive wildcard: literal
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: function-defined
numeric	tolerance: function-defined domain: function-defined iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: contextual lazy: lazy-branches spill: contextual fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: let-binding

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: accepted array: accepted broadcast: function-defined result: contextual
coercion	blank: preserved text: preserved boolean: preserved error: propagate
text	case: insensitive wildcard: literal
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: function-defined
numeric	tolerance: function-defined domain: function-defined iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: contextual lazy: lazy-bindings spill: contextual fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: text

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: contextual array: contextual broadcast: function-defined result: scalar
coercion	blank: empty-text text: preserved boolean: preserved error: propagate
text	case: function-defined wildcard: literal
environment	locale: function-defined dateSystem: function-defined
numeric	tolerance: not-applicable domain: function-defined iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: scalar fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: text-sensitive

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: contextual array: contextual broadcast: function-defined result: scalar
coercion	blank: empty-text text: preserved boolean: preserved error: propagate
text	case: sensitive wildcard: literal
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: not-applicable
numeric	tolerance: not-applicable domain: function-defined iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: scalar fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: text-search

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: contextual array: contextual broadcast: function-defined result: scalar
coercion	blank: empty-text text: preserved boolean: preserved error: propagate
text	case: insensitive wildcard: supported
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: not-applicable
numeric	tolerance: not-applicable domain: function-defined iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: scalar fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: criteria

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: accepted array: accepted broadcast: pairwise result: scalar
coercion	blank: function-defined text: function-defined boolean: function-defined error: propagate
text	case: insensitive wildcard: supported
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: function-defined
numeric	tolerance: binary64 domain: function-defined iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: scalar fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: date-time

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: contextual array: contextual broadcast: function-defined result: scalar
coercion	blank: zero text: number-if-parseable boolean: number error: propagate
text	case: insensitive wildcard: literal
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: excel-1900
numeric	tolerance: binary64 domain: bounded iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: scalar fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: volatile-date

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: rejected array: rejected broadcast: none result: scalar
coercion	blank: preserved text: preserved boolean: preserved error: propagate
text	case: not-applicable wildcard: not-applicable
environment	locale: not-applicable dateSystem: host-clock
numeric	tolerance: binary64 domain: bounded iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: none lazy: not-applicable spill: scalar fill: source-preserved copy: source-preserved structuralRewrite: source-preserved
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: lookup

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: accepted array: accepted broadcast: function-defined result: contextual
coercion	blank: function-defined text: function-defined boolean: function-defined error: propagate
text	case: insensitive wildcard: function-defined
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: function-defined
numeric	tolerance: exact domain: function-defined iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: contextual fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: array

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: contextual range: accepted array: accepted broadcast: function-defined result: array
coercion	blank: preserved text: preserved boolean: preserved error: propagate
text	case: function-defined wildcard: function-defined
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: function-defined
numeric	tolerance: function-defined domain: bounded iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: array fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: financial

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: contextual array: contextual broadcast: function-defined result: scalar
coercion	blank: zero text: number-if-parseable boolean: number error: propagate
text	case: not-applicable wildcard: not-applicable
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: not-applicable
numeric	tolerance: binary64 domain: bounded iteration: kind: none maximum: none
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: scalar fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Semantics: financial-iterative

Dimension	Contract
shape	scalar: accepted range: accepted array: accepted broadcast: none result: scalar
coercion	blank: zero text: number-if-parseable boolean: number error: propagate
text	case: not-applicable wildcard: not-applicable
environment	locale: invariant dateSystem: not-applicable
numeric	tolerance: binary64 domain: bounded iteration: kind: bounded maximum: 100
calculation	dependencies: tracked lazy: eager spill: scalar fill: relative-reference-rewrite copy: relative-reference-rewrite structuralRewrite: ast-reference-rewrite
persistence	snapshot: formula-source history: formula-source collaboration: formula-source xlsxSource: rewrite-on-structural-edit

Dialect profiles

Dialect: excel-documented

Dialect	Status
Microsoft Excel	documented
Google Sheets	unverified
OpenFormula	unverified

Limitations: Google Sheets and OpenFormula results require producer evidence before compatibility is claimed.

Implementation profiles

Implementation: implemented-assisted

Layer	Status and source/evidence
Parser	implemented `packages/wasm/src/calc.rs`
Evaluator	implemented `packages/wasm/src/eval/mod.rs` `packages/wasm/src/eval/functions.rs`
Formula assist	implemented `packages/core/src/formula-assist.ts`
Evidence	source-linked `packages/wasm/src/tests.rs` `packages/core/test/formula-assist.test.ts`

Implementation: parser-assisted-evaluator-declared

Layer	Status and source/evidence
Parser	implemented `packages/wasm/src/calc.rs`
Evaluator	declared
Formula assist	implemented `packages/core/src/formula-assist.ts`
Evidence	source-linked `packages/core/src/formula-assist.ts`

Implementation: parser-declared-target

Layer	Status and source/evidence
Parser	implemented `packages/wasm/src/calc.rs`
Evaluator	declared
Formula assist	missing `packages/core/src/formula-assist.ts`
Evidence	registration-tested `scripts/formula-contract.test.ts`

Unsupported categories

Unknown functions retain their source and evaluate to #NAME?; Sheetwrite does not silently execute a network, custom-code, or compatibility fallback.

Category	Scope	Examples	Source	Evidence
Volatile recalculation (`volatile`)	Automatic volatility semantics beyond the existing clock functions are outside the supported contract.	`INDIRECT`, `OFFSET`, `RAND`, `RANDBETWEEN`, `RANDARRAY`	Math and trigonometry functions	`scripts/formula-contract.test.ts`
Network functions (`network`)	Formula evaluation never performs network requests.	`ENCODEURL`, `FILTERXML`, `IMAGE`, `WEBSERVICE`	Web functions	`scripts/formula-contract.test.ts`
External data functions (`external`)	Functions that query external providers or live data connections are not evaluated.	`GOOGLEFINANCE`, `IMPORTDATA`, `IMPORTHTML`, `IMPORTXML`, `RTD`	Add-in and Automation functions	`scripts/formula-contract.test.ts`
Database functions (`database`)	D-prefixed database aggregation functions are not evaluated.	`DAVERAGE`, `DCOUNT`, `DGET`, `DSUM`, `DVAR`	Database functions	`scripts/formula-contract.test.ts`
Cube functions (`cube`)	OLAP cube members, sets, and values are not resolved.	`CUBEMEMBER`, `CUBESET`, `CUBEVALUE`	Cube functions	`scripts/formula-contract.test.ts`
LAMBDA and higher-order functions (`lambda`)	User-defined lambdas and higher-order array execution are not evaluated.	`BYCOL`, `BYROW`, `LAMBDA`, `MAKEARRAY`, `MAP`, `REDUCE`, `SCAN`	Logical functions	`scripts/formula-contract.test.ts`
Arbitrary external workbook references (`external-workbook`)	References to arbitrary workbook files are not loaded or dereferenced.	`'[Book.xlsx]Sheet1'!A1`	Lookup and reference functions	`scripts/formula-contract.test.ts`

In particular, automatic volatile functions beyond the explicit host-clock barrier, network/external-data functions, arbitrary external workbook links, database functions, cube/OLAP functions, and LAMBDA/higher-order execution are unsupported. TODAY and NOW are the documented clock-function exception; LET is supported and is not a LAMBDA fallback.